Living with Lymphedema: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Care

Lymphedema is a condition that many people have never heard of—until it affects them or someone they love. It often goes underdiagnosed, misdiagnosed, or misunderstood. But for those living with it, the impact is real and daily. Whether you're newly diagnosed, supporting a loved one, or simply curious about this condition, it's important to understand what lymphedema is and how it can be managed.

What Is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is a chronic condition that causes swelling in the arms, legs, or other parts of the body, due to a buildup of lymph fluid. This happens when the lymphatic system—a vital part of your immune and circulatory systems—is damaged or blocked.

The swelling can range from mild to severe and may cause discomfort, reduced mobility, and changes in skin texture.

What Causes Lymphedema?

There are two main types of lymphedema:

1. Primary Lymphedema

This is rare and caused by inherited problems with the lymphatic system. Symptoms might appear at birth, during puberty, or later in adulthood, often without any clear trigger.

2. Secondary Lymphedema

This is much more common and is caused by damage to the lymphatic system. It may result from:

• Cancer treatments, especially surgery or radiation that affects lymph nodes (e.g., breast, prostate, or gynecological cancers)

• Infections (especially in tropical regions)

• Surgical removal of lymph nodes

• Injury or trauma to the lymphatic vessels

Recognizing the Symptoms

Lymphedema usually develops gradually, and early signs can be subtle. Common symptoms include:

• Persistent swelling in a limb or other body part

• A feeling of heaviness or tightness

• Reduced flexibility or range of motion

• Discomfort, aching, or tingling

• Hardening or thickening of the skin (fibrosis)

• Recurring infections in the affected area

If you notice one limb is larger than the other or feel tightness in your clothing or jewelry without weight gain, it’s worth discussing with your healthcare provider.

How Is Lymphedema Diagnosed?

A diagnosis is usually based on a physical exam and medical history. Sometimes imaging tests—like an MRI, CT scan, or lymphoscintigraphy—are used to look at how fluid moves through the lymphatic system.

If you've undergone cancer treatment involving lymph nodes, you should be regularly monitored for lymphedema, even years after treatment.

Can Lymphedema Be Cured?

There is no cure for lymphedema, but it can be effectively managed with early and consistent care. The goal of treatment is to reduce swelling, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.

Managing Lymphedema

1. Complete Decongestive Therapy (CDT)

This is the gold standard for lymphedema treatment and includes:

• Manual lymphatic drainage (gentle massage to encourage lymph flow)

• Compression therapy (bandages or garments to prevent fluid buildup)

• Exercise (to stimulate circulation)

• Skincare (to prevent infections like cellulitis)

2. Compression Garments

These are custom-fitted sleeves or stockings worn daily to help maintain progress and prevent worsening of the swelling.

3. Pneumatic Compression Devices

These machines use air pumps and inflatable sleeves to stimulate lymph movement.

4. Surgery (in select cases)

Some advanced medical centers offer surgical options like lymph node transfer or lymphaticovenous bypass for severe or unresponsive cases.

Living Well with Lymphedema

Lymphedema is a lifelong condition, but many people live full, active lives by taking proactive steps. Here are a few tips:

• Stay active: Gentle movement and exercise are important. Walking, swimming, and yoga are great low-impact options.

• Avoid injury and infection: Even small cuts or bug bites can lead to complications. Take care of your skin.

• Elevate swollen limbs when possible to help reduce fluid buildup.

• Stay informed and connected. Support groups, physical therapists, and certified lymphedema specialists can provide valuable help.

Final Thoughts

Lymphedema may be chronic, but it doesn't have to control your life. With awareness, support, and the right treatment plan, it’s possible to manage symptoms and maintain independence and well-being.

If you suspect you have lymphedema or are at risk, schedule an appointment with Dr. Gireesh Reddy or Dr. Sirisha Pokala at Restore Foot & Ankle Specialists by calling (469) 573-3427 or by booking an appointment online.  Early detection makes a big difference.